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Mauthner cell
The Mauthner cells are a pair of big and easily identifiable neurons (one for each half of the body) located in the rhombomere 4 of the hindbrain in fish and amphibians that are responsible for a very fast escape reflex (in the majority of animals - a so-called C-start response). The cells are also notable for their unusual use of both chemical and electrical synapses.〔
== Evolutionary history ==
Mauthner cells first appear in lampreys (being absent in hagfish and lancelets),〔 and are present in virtually all teleost fish, as well as in amphibians (including postmetamorphic frogs and toads〔). Some fish, such as lumpsuckers, seem to have lost the Mauthner cells however.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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